Java: Boolean operators

We already know how to write functions that check for single conditions. Now we will learn to build compound conditions.

A good example: password check. As you know, some sites when registering want a password of 8 to 20 characters in length. Honestly, this is a strange limitation, but what to do.

In mathematics we would write 8 < x < 20, but in Java such a trick will not work (although there are languages ​​in which it will pass).

We have to make two separate logical expressions and connect them with a special operator "AND":

Password is longer than 8 characters AND password is shorter than 20 characters.

Here is a function that accepts a password and says whether it meets the conditions (true) or does not match (false):

public static boolean isCorrectPassword(String password) {
  int length = password.length();
  return length > 8 && length < 20;
}

public static void main(String[] agrs) {
  isCorrectPassword("qwerty"); // => false
  isCorrectPassword("qwerty1234"); // => true
  isCorrectPassword("zxcvbnmasdfghjkqwertyui"); // => false
}

&& — means "and" (in mathematical logic it is called a conjunction). An entire expression is considered true only if each operand is true — each of the composite expressions. In other words, && means "the one and the other."

The priority of this operator is lower than the priority of comparison operators, therefore the expression works correctly without parentheses.

In addition to &&, the operator || — “OR” (disjunction) is often used. It means "either that, or the other, or both."

Operators can be combined in any quantity and any sequence, but when && and || occur at the same time, it is better to set the priority in brackets.

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Another example. We want to buy an apartment that meets the conditions: an area of ​​100 square meters. meters and more on any street OR area of ​​80 square meters. meters and more, but on the main street Main Street.

Write a function that checks the apartment. It takes two arguments: the area (number) and the name of the street (line):

public static void main(String[] agrs) {
  System.out.print(isGoodApartment(91, "Queens Street")); // => false
  System.out.print(isGoodApartment(78, "Queens Street")); // => false
  System.out.print(isGoodApartment(70, "Main Street")); // => false

  System.out.print(isGoodApartment(120, "Queens Street")); // => true
  System.out.print(isGoodApartment(120, "Main Street")); // => true
  System.out.print(isGoodApartment(80, "Main Street")); // => true
}

public static boolean isGoodApartment(String area, String street) {
  return area >= 100 || (area >= 80 && "Main Street".equals(street));
}

The area of ​​mathematics in which logical operators are studied is called Boolean algebra. Below are the “truth tables” — from them you can determine what the result of the operator will be:

And &&

A	B	A && B
TRUE	TRUE	TRUE
TRUE	FALSE	FALSE
FALSE	TRUE	FALSE
FALSE	FALSE	FALSE

OR ||

| A | B | A || B |
| ----- | ----- | -------- |
| TRUE | TRUE | TRUE |
| TRUE | FALSE | TRUE |
| FALSE | TRUE | TRUE |
| FALSE | FALSE | FALSE |

Instructions

John instructed Sam to automatically recognize the Lannister soldiers on video. The idea of ​​automating the fortress watch seemed attractive to him. In the process, Sam needed to write a function that determines whether Lannister is in front of him or not. A little thought, Sam highlighted the following rules for determining Lannister:

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If a soldier has red armor ** And ** there is no shield

OR

if a soldier has a shield with a lion

then this is Lannister.

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Write the function isLannisterSoldier, which takes two arguments as input:

1. The color of the armor (String). If the armor is red, then the string red.
2. Empty string if there is no shield. The string lion if there is a shield, and on it is a lion.

The function returns true if Lannister is recognized, and false if not recognized.

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Tips

• Boolean algebra

• Conjunction

• Disjunction

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