CSS: Box Model

When using some properties, such as border and padding, you may notice that it affects the final block size. And indeed it does. This is how browsers calculate the final block size on the page:

Box Model

I.e., the final size is set not only by the properties height and width but by many other ones:

padding - internal margins
border - borders
margin - outer indents

Essentially, to determine the final size of the element, you must add up the values of all these properties. For example, what will be the width of this block?

.box {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;

  padding: 20px;
  margin: 10px;

  border: 1px solid #fff;
}

100px? 120px? 121px? How do I find out this value? You have to add up all the values that form the block horizontally:

width
padding-left/padding-right
border-left/border-right
margin-left/margin-right

So, the final width of the element on the page 100px + 20px + 20px + 1px + 1px + 10px + 10px is 162px.

This behavior is called the box model. It describes the relationship between properties and the final size of an element. According to this model, browsers "draw" a block, layering rules on top of each other before displaying the element on the page.

This model is worth remembering because when working with CSS, it's important to understand how and where the browser "draws" the block, and how it will affect its height and width.

But you can agree that when you set the width and height properties, you expect those exact values. Is it possible to change the behavior of the box model? Yes! To do this, use the property box-sizing, which takes the following values:

content-box - default value. It works as described above
border-box - the values of the border and margins do not make the element bigger, but rather "eat up" the space in the content, i.e., the properties will not affect the height and width. If a fixed value is set, it will remain so, but there will be less space for the content inside

Instructions

Add div to the editor with the card-hello class and set the following rules:

background color: #fa7268
text color: #ffffffff
block width: 230 pixels
block height: 25 pixels
padding: 20 pixels
margins: 10 pixels
border: 2 pixels wide, solid. Color #9c27b0
font size: 20 pixels

Write the styles in the <style> tag

The exercise doesn't pass checking. What to do? 😶

If you've reached a deadlock it's time to ask your question in the «Discussions». How ask a question correctly:

Be sure to attach the test output, without it it's almost impossible to figure out what went wrong, even if you show your code. It's complicated for developers to execute code in their heads, but having a mistake before their eyes most probably will be helpful.

In my environment the code works, but not here 🤨

Tests are designed so that they test the solution in different ways and against different data. Often the solution works with one kind of input data but doesn't work with others. Check the «Tests» tab to figure this out, you can find hints at the error output.

My code is different from the teacher's one 🤔

It's fine. 🙆 One task in programming can be solved in many different ways. If your code passed all tests, it complies with the task conditions.

In some rare cases, the solution may be adjusted to the tests, but this can be seen immediately.

I've read the lessons but nothing is clear 🙄

It's hard to make educational materials that will suit everyone. We do our best but there is always something to improve. If you see a material that is not clear to you, describe the problem in “Discussions”. It will be great if you'll write unclear points in the question form. Usually, we need a few days for corrections.

By the way, you can participate in courses improvement. There is a link below to the lessons course code which you can edit right in your browser.

Found a bug? Have something to add? Pull requests are welcome!

languages.lessons.show.chat.guest

Your exercise will be checked with these tests:

1const { test } = require('tests');
2
3test(({ query, expect }) => {
4  const element = query(document, '.card-hello');
5  const style = getComputedStyle(element);
6
7  expect(style).to.have.property('width', '230px');
8  expect(style).to.have.property('height', '25px');
9
10  expect(style).to.have.property('padding', '20px');
11  expect(style).to.have.property('margin', '10px');
12
13  expect(style).to.have.property('color', 'rgb(255, 255, 255)');
14  expect(style).to.have.property('font-size', '20px');
15
16  expect(style).to.have.property('border-width', '2px');
17  expect(style).to.have.property('border-color', '#9c27b0');
18  expect(style).to.have.property('border-style', 'solid');
19
20  expect(style).to.have.property('background-color', 'rgb(250, 114, 104)');
21});
22

Teacher's solution will be available in:

19:59

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