JavaScript: Variables and concatenation

Earlier, we already joined strings directly using concatenation. Now we'll do the same thing, but with variables. The good news: the syntax stays the same. The values of the variables are simply substituted in.

Joining two strings directly

const what = 'Kings' + 'road';
console.log(what); // => Kingsroad

Everything is simple here: two strings are joined into one. This is how concatenation works: the + operator adds strings together, creating a new string.

Joining a string and a variable

If the variable first holds the string 'Kings', we can safely join it with another string:

const first = 'Kings';
const what = first + 'road';
console.log(what); // => Kingsroad

JavaScript substitutes the value of the variable, performs the operation, and creates the resulting string.

Joining two variables

In the same way, you can combine the values of two variables, if both contain strings:

const first = 'Kings';
const last = 'road';
const what = first + last;
console.log(what); // => Kingsroad

You can also add spaces:

const full = first + ' ' + last;
console.log(full); // => Kings road

first = 'Kings'
last  = 'road'

first   +  ' '  +  last
└─┬──┘            └─┬┘
'Kings' + ' '  + 'road'
└────────┬─────────┘
    'Kings road'

What if the variable contains a number?

In JavaScript, the + operator behaves in a special way when there's a string on one side and a number on the other. In this case, the number is automatically converted to a string, and concatenation happens:

const age = 42;
console.log('Age: ' + age); // => Age: 42

The same applies to variables holding the results of computations:

const price = 50 * 1.25 * 6.91; // => 431.875
console.log('Price in yuans: ' + price); // => Price in yuans: 431.875

There's also an explicit way to convert a number to a string using String() — we'll cover it in the lesson about type coercion.

Instructions

Write a program that builds and prints a greeting letter. Use only two console.log() calls.

Define the variables:

firstName = 'Anna'
greeting = 'Hello'
intro = 'Thank you for your order.'
info = 'Expected delivery date — 3 business days.'

Expected output:

Hello, Anna!
Thank you for your order.
Expected delivery date — 3 business days.

Коммерческий опыт и Трудоустройство

Tips

Think about which string and in what order you need to join the variables with to get this two-line body of the letter.
Remember that you can create a string that contains only the escape sequence \n.

The exercise doesn't pass checking. What to do? 😶

If you've reached a deadlock it's time to ask your question in the «Discussions». How ask a question correctly:

Be sure to attach the test output, without it it's almost impossible to figure out what went wrong, even if you show your code. It's complicated for developers to execute code in their heads, but having a mistake before their eyes most probably will be helpful.

In my environment the code works, but not here 🤨

My code is different from the teacher's one 🤔

I've read the lessons but nothing is clear 🙄

Прочитал урок — ничего не понятно 🙄

Found a bug? Have something to add? Pull requests are welcome!

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Your exercise will be checked with these tests:

// @ts-check

import { expect, test, vi } from 'vitest';

test('hello world', async () => {
  const consoleLogSpy = vi.spyOn(console, 'log').mockImplementation(() => {});
  await import('./index.js');

  const firstArg = consoleLogSpy.mock.calls.join('\n');

  expect(firstArg).toBe(
    'Hello, Anna!\nThank you for your order.\nExpected delivery date — 3 business days.',
  );
});

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Teacher's solution will be available in:

20:00

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